The Birdcage Archives

Sunday, 10 May 2020

The Losses of April


Hello Gentle Reader

In his otherwise groundbreaking and long-lasting poem: “The Wasteland,” T.S. Eliot remarked in his usual dour tone:

“April is the cruelest month.”

Following throughout the stanza are equal remarks of imagery on death, memory, and wounded renewal. Throughout the month of April, writers of varying ages—from the advanced, to the tragically young—had died, all over the world. they each worked in different fields, but each one had contributed to the ideals of literature. Unfortunately, due to the expiated volume of the announcements, I could not personally write a commemorating response for each writer at the time due to time restraints and other pressing engagements—also known as life. Now, I’d like to take a moment and comment on the writers who were lost in April. 


Rubem Fonseca— (April 15th)

Brazilian literature as of late has been gaining traction via translations into other languages. Specifically, the greats of Twentieth Century Brazilian literature, such as Clarice Lispector, Lúcio Cardoso, and Hilda Hilst. Rubem Fonseca was equally a force of contemporary Brazilian literature. Taking inspiration from his years working in the police service (as a public relations employee) in Brazil, Fonseca’s work was noted for its obscene literary works, and crime riddled novels, short stories, and screenplays, were often dark metaphors and reflections of the hidden darkness and corruption within Brazilian society. His work was noted for its cruelty, probing of the darkest aspects of the human consciousness, while also being lyrical in its appeal. With regards to his otherwise obscene eroticism and frank discussion of brutality, Fonseca described it depicting the world as he had known it, and Brazilian society as he had observed and participated in. Rubem Fonseca had the unusual distinction of being a bestselling writer in Brazil, where television watching is by far more popular then reading. Ironically, it was due to his work being adapted for screen did Brazil take a greater interest in the writer. The public enjoyed his explicit and detailed accounts of eroticism, obscene scenes, and crime without censorship. They devoured the sensationalism with fevered appetites. Despite the other noir and Americanized crime elements of his work; Fonseca was also regarded by critics as being highly literary in nature and work. His ability balance transgressive qualities and pulp fiction with literary sensibilities, often saw the writer praised and lauded with awards by institutions and judges.

Rubem Fonseca died of a heart at, aged 94.

Rest In Peace, Rubem Fonseca.


Per Olov Enquist— (April 25th)

Perhaps one of the most important contemporary Swedish language writers of the Twentieth Century, who had often been called one of the most underrated writers of his generation. Per Olov Enquist used history as a focal point his work, or historical figures to explore themes of religion, philosophy and psychology, and their relation to human existence. His narrators were critical, analytical people, continuously seeking truth. His style was often documentary in scope, explaining his roots as a journalist. One of his most famous novels “The Legionaries,” explores the real historical events of the men from Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia, who were conscripted to fight for the Nazi’s in the Second World War. These soldiers did surrender to Swedish forces, they were still imprisoned and deported, which has left a sour historical talking point for the Swedes during this time. Enquist seared and investigated it mercilessly. His investigative eye was one Enquist’s greatest traits as a writer, which he utilized frequently, especially in his journalistic writings, essays, and columns, while also employed during his research into his novels. Per Olov Enquist belived that his upbringing is what pushed him to continually question and seek out greater notions of the idea of truth. He was raised by a single mother in a small remote village near the artic circle, in an evangelical community, nonetheless. This upbringing in isolation from the rest of the world, and the devotion to unaffirmed absolute truths, lead Enquist to become an eternal provocateur and investigator. Throughout his thorough research, proactive ponderings, contemplations, and writings, Per Olov Enquist earned his title as being one of Sweden’s Literary Lions, who had been endowed with such honours as: the August Prize (twice), the Nordic Council’s Literature Prize, and the now defunct Independent Foreign Fiction Prize.

Rest In Peace, Per Olov Enquist.


Eavan Boland— (April 27th)

Irish poetry is considered some of the most potent works of literature in the English language, with such writers as: W. B. Yeats, Seamus Heaney, and Tom Paulin. Much like the rest of Irish literature, it is heavily male dominated with such greats as: James Joyce, George Bernhard Shaw, Samuel Beckett, and Colm Tóibín. Yet there are powerful female voices within the Irish canon as well: Anne Enright, Edna O’Brien, and Anna Burns. Poetry wise, however, Eavan Boland brought the female perspective or Irish poetry. Where other poets, such as Seamus Heaney, wrote about overarching themes regarding nature, history, death, and the Irish struggle in relation to the human condition; Eavan Boland’s poetry brought a uniquely feminine and domestic perspective to the poetic landscape of Irish poetry, and she made no apologies for it. Boland elevated these otherwise uniquely female and personal sides of herself into her poetry, transforming them into universal themes of connections with others. In this regard, Boland was able to transcend the quiet preoccupations of otherwise secondary matters and turn them into first class poetic sensibilities rivaling Seamus Heaney and W.B. Yeats. Political memory is often a theme in Irish poetry—be it in the form resistance, testimonial, or acute sense of grief—Eavan Boland refuted the nostalgia of the times, and fixated on the personal in relation to the political; she once remarked, during the beginning of her poetic publications that it was more accepted to write about political murders, then it was to write about child rearing. Still, she beat on against the preoccupations her predecessors and her contemporaries and forged in this wake a new poetic voice that gave voice to the women of Irish society, their own experiences; their own stories; and their own realities. As a poet, Eavan Boland was able to include and weave the notion of womanhood, motherhood, domesticity, and childrearing into poetic sensibilities, which give weight to the human condition, its vulnerabilities, its sufferings, fragilities, strengths, historical acuity, and the mythology.

Rest in Peace, Eavan Boland.


Maj Sjöwall— (April 29th)

Often referred to as the Grandmother of modern Scandinavian crime novels, Maj Sjöwall co-wrote ten detective novels with her partner Per Wahlöö. Together the couple were often praised for creating the popularity of Nordic Noir and paving the way for future Nordic crime writers such as: the late Stieg Larsson; Kjell Eriksson; and Karin Fossum. Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö may have wrote crime novels, they were not necessarily merely interested in crime and allowing readers to solve the puzzle. Throughout their ten novels written together, the two detailed horrific crimes, the painstaking and laborious police work involved; they also gradually chipped away at the social conventions of Swedish society, revealing a modernized heartless society, obsessed with materialistic pursuits. The novels in their completion, were envisioned by the two authors being seen as a Marxist critique of Swedish society. Their famous police detective Beck is a chain smocking gloomy character, who’s trapped in a loveless marriage, and burdened further by a child he doesn’t like. The American hardboiled procedural, had just become more fleshed out with the aid of Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö. The trench coat cowboys of early hardboiled fiction were finally been fleshed out as human by the two; complete with psychological nuances, and the pains of routine mundane life. After Per Wahlöö’s death in nineteen-seventy-five at the age of forty-nine, Maj Sjöwall did not continue to write Beck novels. The project was a partnership, and with the other half missing the author left it with the novel: “The Terrorists.” From there, Sjöwall returned to freelance bohemian work, translating and writing for magazines. She appeared as reoccurring uncredited extra in later Beck television adaptations and would make appearances as crime novel conventions. She sporadically wrote a few more novels, often co-authored with another, but nothing compared to the ten Beck novels. When asked why she had ceased publication, she remarked she had no interest in writing the same old novel over and over again; she also scolded the new generation of crime writers, referring to them as superfluously concerned with adaptions of their work, and relationships, while disregarding the true work involved in police procedurals, and the potential social criticism behind it. Regardless though, the world of crime writing, and noir is indebted to Sjöwall. Character ancestry of what is currently being portrayed as a police detective could be traced back to the famous Martin Beck of Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö.

Rest in Peace, Maj Sjöwall


Yahya Hassan(April 29th)

It is often remarked that when the young die it is riddled with the tragedy of missed opportunities; unachieved futures; and lost potential. The young and up and coming poet, Yahya Hassan died at the tender age of twenty-four; his collection of poetry: “Yahya Hassan,” was well received from critics and the public. His first self-titled collection of poetry sold 120,000 copies, a remarkable feat for a poetry collection. His poetry was socially aware and critical in scope. On one hand, Yahya Hassan criticized Danish societies perspective and hypocrisy of its immigrant Muslim population; while on the contrary side vexed equal vitriol against Muslim immigrants, for failing to assimilate into Danish society, exploiting social benefits provided, and beating their children, and setting their children up to a path of failure. The publication of his first collection of poetry was marred with controversy, and Muslims threatened him with death threats and calls to violence, which placed him under police protection. Yahya Hassan’s public readings were noted for their idiosyncratic style, and gained a following of readers. The circumstances surrounding his death are not deemed suspicious or criminal at this time. Before his death, Yahya Hassan published a section collection of poetry, though this time the acclaim and success was muted to his breakthrough. Its hard to comment or speculate on what could have been, Yahya Hassan’s poetic career. He gained recognition and a following for his intensely poetic and socially aware and critical works.

Rest in Peace, Yahya Hassan.


Thank-you For Reading Gentle Reader
Take Care
And As Always
Stay Well Read

M. Mary

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