The Birdcage Archives

Thursday, 9 May 2019

Human Acts


Hello Gentle Reader

Power is a coveted prize. It cannot be held, yet wielded. It can be bought, but it cannot be found in retail stores or on online commerce. Its price is exacting and is not guaranteed. Despite this, power is coveted and desired. Once obtained its viciously guarded, and righteously retained. Authoritarian governments in particular the most aggressive in retaining and maintain their power and safeguard the status quo—more precisely: their status quo. This involves violence on a repeated basis. People do not suffer tyranny for long periods of time. Fear is not an attribute passed on generation to generation. The conventions of fear are taught; adherence is another matter. Youth continually seeks to explore the possibilities and potentials beyond its present predicament and realities. There are always ideals beyond the immediate. The desire to improve; or at the very least: push the boundaries of tolerance. Then again, youth is a resentful stage in one’s life. From hormones to a more actualized sense of self-awareness, there is the realization that the current state is abruptly asinine in its own way. There is injustice, corruption, moral embezzlement, and in its wake lies relegation, disenfranchisement, and dispossession—a divide between institutions of importance or governance, and those who are governed. This can be displayed out in the micro (or domestic) to the macro. Generally, the first revolt is always against the parents, be it curfew or how one dresses, to getting a piercing or dying their hair. It’s the debut step in understanding and discovering ones place in the world; the initial revolt. Of course this is met with the same resistance all change is met with: abruptly and with swift discourse and discouragement. What ensures is nothing but the precedent set, conventional tango of the times. This is merely an example on the more interpersonal and private level. This same can be seen on grander societal levels, though they often take longer in order to reach the boiling point, and often have greater consequence.

History and literature is salt and peppered with such incidents. Such as, the Prague Spring of 1968. Whose unremarkable defeat and reaction is documented in the Estonian writer, Viivi Luik’s novel: “The Beauty of History,” where Europe is noted for its blatant apathy:

“A Czech boy pouring petrol over himself and then lighting a match does not really go well with the carpets in the living room of Europe, so the television is switched off.”

These same testaments are seen all over the globe; but are quickly overlooked or ignored. The Arab Spring, nine years ago blew the winds of change fed by disenchantment. They were not strong enough to sustain the sails, and ultimately it too sank. What followed was civil war throughout many countries. Saudi Arabia, as a recent example had just executed individuals it deemed provocateurs in the movement. Those convicted were of course in accordance with the draconian states laws, either hung or beheaded, and certainly afterwards their bodies crucified to as a reminder and warning of who holds the power and who does not. Just last week as well, May Day protests broke out throughout the world—mainly Europe. The crackdown was severe. In Turkey, protesters marching on Taksim Square were immediately taken down. One-hundred and thirty seven individuals were or have been detained. They were hauled off kicking and gagged by the officers, as they did their best to shout out against their predicament. France once again saw the rise of the yellow vest movement, which resulted in casual riots. Quebec witnessed similar storms of violence. While journalists in Jakarta, Indonesia donned masks with red tears of blood, to protest prosecution, persecution and remember their colleagues and brethren, as well as the principles of integrity and freedom of the profession. Every day, in some way, in some place there is a struggle. For (South) Korea, their democratic struggle came in the 1980’s student uprising and protests in Gwangju, which has often been called the May 18th Democratic Uprising or the Gwangju Uprising.

Hang Kang’s novel: “Human Acts,” traces the events of the Gwangju Uprising through the personal and the private. Kang provides an intimate peripheral driven portrait of one of the most severe atrocities of the later stages of the twentieth century, in the peninsula. The author discusses the atrocities with gentle candor, never shying away from describing the rotting flesh, the influx and surplus of the dead, their mangled, mutilated, and obliterated corpses ushered into places of makeshift morgues and refuges, where they were cleaned, documented, and recorded. As if, to provide an inventory of the event in the currency of death, to withstand the corrosive claws of time and the temporal temperament of political machinations, which will sponge and wash away facts to protect its own interests. Bayonets sliced open throats, revealing the uvula, dangling in decay and silence. Eyes closed as bullets riddled through their bodies. Heads smashed and obliterated by batons or the butts of guns. School uniforms drenched, clotted, and caked with blood. Organs barely held in place by the haphazard repair; caused by the vicious defacement which brought their life to an end.  It is all meticulously recorded, by a young fifteen year old, Dong-ho, who becomes the central figure of the novel; the soul and nucleus, whose death ripples long afterwards.

The dear Dong-ho begins the novel in the heat of the uprising. Just as the resistance has gained a foothold and commandeered government office, which now houses the dead, he inventories the causalities with as much detail as possible in order to help grieving families identify their lost ones. The tide turns. The army is dispatched and enters the city of Gwangju. He is encouraged to leave by colleagues, revolutionaries and his own family. He is too young; to naïve; too inexperienced, to understand the gravity of the situation which will soon engulf him. Despite the persistent orders and pleas he stays. Following suit the actions that take place in the provincial office and the city will reverberate throughout the citizens, residents, and families, as it echoes through the nation before being displayed to the world. It is here one gets a recount of the horrors of the crackdown. The dismembered. The mutilated. The wounded. The beaten. The bludgeoned. The shot. All lied out in a space growing smaller with the rate in which they arrive. Yet the time to relax or have reprieve in these few moments of regrouping, are always ended the same way they began. The scene is recounted, with great lyricism, maneuvering away from shock and protest, but slowly guiding one into the dignity of the work, the dignity of the people—living and dead—and the dignity of their principles.

Unceremoniously the bodies which were inventoried, cleaned and provided some dignity where quickly carted away by the military, after they continued with the rampage and massacre. It is here Dong-ho’s pondering of the soul is given a more brutal revelation, as he watches the disposal of their bodies. Piled up one after another, they lay in their brutal reticence, as gas is poured over their bodies, and scattered eyed soldiers light their matches and set the world alight. All an attempt at covering their crimes. An attempt at justifying their behaviours. They are just soldiers following orders; nothing more than a mere dog following the commands of a cruel master. Some, however, where more eager and rabid to fulfill those orders. Blood thirsty, depraved, and longing for another battle like Vietnam, they gladly returned to their guns, their tanks, their helicopters, and sought to reap destruction; plowing down civilian after civilian with sadistic glee. Up in embers, smoke, and ash the souls too find release from the world. They call out, they seek, they search, but no one can return their sorrowful goodbyes. No one can be found. This scene is recounted in the most wistful and surreal way. It never falls into melodramatics, but recounts with gentle lyricism the event as it unfolds, and doesn’t concern itself with the act of destruction, or the fate of the bodies, but the restless search and passing as it happens.

The following scenes move closer and closer to the present. Each chapter introduces yet another voice in the polyphonic chorus that harks back to the Gwangju Uprising. They recount with stoic severity their endurance in torture and interrogations; their desire to publish plays; their memories of the first inclinations of protest and uprising. One scene from another voice, recounts how she was merely sitting in the cafeteria eating lunch at university, when protestors marched through the hall, to hang a sign declaring Chun Doo-hwan a butcher, and calling for his end. Plainclothes policemen in pursuit, burst through the doors to end the protest. All in attendance—bystander or not—is equally guilty. The scene is recounted via Han Kang’s penetrating and poignant lyricism, the rush only described by its fixation in a singular object: a spoon, which sits suspended in surprise before falling after its holder is ripped from her seat. Finally the story ends with the poignant memories of a mother, remembering her child: Dong-ho; his death ever present in her life, her family, a topic of both resentment and dignity. Each scene, which grows further and further away, recounts even after thirty years, the uprising, the massacre, the protests, and the destruction, still resides in their shadows. It attempted to strip the dignity away from each individual. Instead it secured their dignity, their resolve, and their principles.

Han Kang’s novel: “Human Acts,” is not necessarily a novel about acquiring power and retaining it. Rather, it is a novel about the unbreakable, unbent, and resolute security of human dignity, even in the face of inhumane acts against it. It’s a lyrical and poignant novel, riddled with stoicism, as it discusses the interpersonal natures of national events, in their most private and personal moments, rather than the grand epics which shaped a nation. After all, it is only shaped by those who fought for it.  Han Kang expertly maneuvers around melodramatic, the cheap, the kitschy, and the pitfalls of dealing with such an event. She treats the matter seriously; but provides accountancy in its moments, in its experiences, in the objects; not in the graphics. It’s a beautiful novel that traces the vibrations and ripples through time. The massacre remains embedded in memories, embroidered in shadows, taking form in contemplations of now lost opportunities, in dreams destined to remain unfulfilled. A stunning and beautiful work, but also personal for author who for the first nine years of her life had lived in the city which would fall under siege. It’s a lyrical testament to dignity, to history, and to personal convictions which will always change the current. My personal resistance to read Han Kang was and is nothing but complete foolhardy on my part. Han Kang is an amazing writer, a well-deserved writer for her recognition and admiration. Her prose is welcoming, gentle, lyrical and piercing in a style all her own. “Human Acts,” is a beautiful novel as discusses dignity in the most undignified places, and its ability to resist corruption, and retain its own stance of being unbreakable and uncompromising. Despite the septic violence thrown it human dignity remains unspoiled. “Human Acts,” is a powerful novel for all those who are interested in reading Korean literature and take an interest in its contemporary history—tragic and otherwise.

Han Kang is a master of lyrical language, which is engaging and penetrating. She discusses events in the peripherals, fixating on objects and experiences. She eschews melodramatic and shock value matter, to ensure the material is never written off as being exaltingly political or revolutionary in tone. It does not concern itself with the political, but rather the personal, the convictions exemplified by the principled youth and people who sought for change and rebelled. Those individuals now lost in fires or mass graves are fondly remembered, their sacrifices and principles changed the direction of a nation. Their loss though was a tragedy to their beloved. The lyricism, the second person narrative scheme, and the impersonal narration are a gentle embrace, which invites readers in with little to no pretext or context offered; whereby they are guided through the events with dignified candor, which never slips into the acerbic or critical. The ghosts of the past sit on the backs of those who have survived like skeletons, embracing them, but not shackling them. Their haunted memories are troubled, but the realities of the present rational to their struggles. A piercing read which celebrates the dignity of the human soul, spirit, and shadow in the face of the mocking macabre face of violence. It’s a power quiet and understated book, which does not concern itself with the predilections of politics, the notions of justice, or the proclivities and philosophies of retribution and revenge. “Human Acts,” is a stoic celebration of dignity, through emotional intensity and power, which is never forced or contrite; but genuine and graceful. Han Kang is a writer who superbly understands the notion of grace, and artfully imbeds this into her language.

Thank-you For Reading Gentle Reader
Take Care
And As Always
Stay Well Read

M. Mary

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